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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

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4. UN General Comment No. 36 (2018) – Article 6 of the ICCPR (Right to Life) Issued by the UN Human Rights Committee, this authoritative interpretation of the ICCPR states:

  • States must not invoke security concerns to justify the unlawful killing of protesters.
  • The failure to prevent, investigate, or punish such killings may itself be a violation of the right to life.

🔴 Violation: Kenya may be in breach if it does not investigate and prosecute those who ordered or carried out shootings of protesters.

2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Kenya ratified the ICCPR in 1972, making it legally binding.

  • Article 6(1) – “Every human being has the inherent right to life... No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.”
  • Article 7 – Freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
  • Article 21 – Right of peaceful assembly

🚫 Violation: Arbitrary shootings and enforced disappearances during protests violate Articles 6, 7, and 21.

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